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Heart Attack (Congestive Heart Failure)
[Index, Links, Images, Video, Video/What happens; Video/Heart Disease and Heart Attacks; 3D Animation, Papers, Patents, Books, LibCong, LifeExtension, Amazon, The Heart Scan Blog; Amyloidosis, Angina, Arjuna, Arteriosclerosis, Atherosclerosis, Atherosclerotic Plaque, Cardiology, Cardiovascular Disease, Cholesterol, C-reactive protein, Fats, Fibrinogen, Fibrolytic Proteases, Hawthorn, Homocysteine, Ischemia-Reperfusion Injuries, LDL Peroxidation, Lipid Peroxidation, Lycopene, Magnesium, Nattokinase, Oats, Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors, Serrapeptase, Smoking, Taurine, Thrombolytic Drugs, Uric Acid, Vascular Diseases, Vitamin D, Vitamin K2; Anemia anemia[1]] [73].
Cigarette smoking [Essay/Smoking, Index] is often seen in connection with heart attack. Smoking a pack of cigarettes a day more than doubles the risk of heart attack. The heart attack usually takes place when a blood clot forms in a small cardiac vessel feeding heart muscle narrowed by atherosclerotic plaque, typically after a piece of plaque breaks off in the progressively narrowing artery, jamming it and clotting up with an embolism after floating downstream. Myocardial infarction follows, killing heart cells near the artery deprived of oxygen.
Aspirin is recommended immediately to thin the blood and break up the clot. A more effective clot-busting injection may be used. Anticlotting agents and other blood thinners such as nitroglycerin may be taken. Fancy anticoagulants including warfarin (calcifies soft tissues like a sneak attack on warheads), heparins, fondaparinux or dabigatran work by blocking vitamin K1 or inactivating other clotting factors in the blood. See Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors and Thrombolytic Drugs. Antiplatelet thromboxane blockers such as aspirin, EPA and DHA from fish oil, dipyridamole, ticlopidine and clopidogrel prevent clotting by preventing thromboxane from rounding up clotting cells in the blood. Foods and nutraceuticals with blood-thinning effect [Papers, Patents, Books, LEF] (usually platelet aggregation inhibitors) include alfalfa, avocado, beer, bilberry, More…
(1) Interleukin 1-beta, targeted by DHA, upregulates the expression of adhesion factors in endothelial cells contributing to atherosclerosis. It is in the optimal range when IL-1-beta < 2.9 pg/mL. (2) Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an enzyme involved in prostaglandin production targeted by DHA and EPA, contributes to chronic inflammation and cardiovascular disease. COX-2 inhibitors include ibupofen and ginger and prescription drugs like Vioxx. Oleocanthol from extra virgin olive oil inhibits both COX-1 and COX-2 cyclooxygenases. However, inhibiting COX-2 enzymes can elevate levels of thromboxane A2 and leukotriene B4, so that continued use of COX-2 inhibitors may be dangerous. (3) Leukotriene B4 (synthesized from arachidonic acid and 5-lipooxygenase) and displaced from cells by DHA, induces vascular adhesion and inflammation of arterial and cardiac tissues. (4) TNF-alpha contributes to systemic inflammation (blunted by DHA and EPA) and stimulates the production of the vasoconstrictive endothelin-1, which can induce high blood pressure and long-term vascular damage. TNF-alpha concentrations should satisfy < 8.1 pg/mL. See vasodilators and TNF-alpha inhibitors. (5) Thromboxane (synthesized from omega-6 fatty acids [Index]) elevates blood pressure and is involved in blood clot formation, which may lead to fatal clots. Thomboxane activity is suppressed by EPA and DHA. |
"People with total omega-3 levels above 6.1% in their blood had a compelling 90% reduction in risk of sudden cardiac death [Images] compared to those whose omega-3s were 4.3% or less of their fatty acids." A 70% reduction in risk of death from heart attack [Images] was observed for people with EPA and DHA values of 4.6% or greater, when compared with those whose total values were less than 3.5%. 2000 mg to 4000 mg of fish oil per day may be required to obtain optimal cardiac defense [Papers, Patents, Books]. (See Julius Goepp, MD, "Optimize Your Omega-3 Status", Life Extension Magazine, May 2010). "Congestive heart failure responds favorably to taurine therapy." (Life Extension, Taurine), [36s] (k). In physical therapy, 3-5 grams of taurine [Encyclopedia, Images] is taken 30 minutes before exercise (9) and again just after.
Hawthorn extracts at 80 mg - 180 mg twice daily, and Arjuna bark powder at 500 mg every 8 hours are useful in preventing and reversing heart failures. Hawthorn extracts are termed cardiotonic because of their ability to improve heart muscle tone. Hawthorn extracts can improve coronary blood flow up to 70% and prevent ischemia-reperfusion injuries, reducing mortality rate in cardiac ischemia. Hawthorn extract substantially reduces arrhythmias that may follow or accompany ischemia and reperfusion, and pre-treatment prior to ischemia-reperfusion very substantially reduces the prevalence of deadly cardiac arrhythmias [Papers, Patents, Books] manifesting themselves as ventricular fillibration [Papers, Patents, Books] and heart flutter [Papers, Patents, Books].
Arjuna extracts [Encyclopedia] and extra virgin olive oil reduce total and LDL cholesterol, reduce trigycerides, and elevate HDL cholesterol, limiting atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta and improving endothelial function. Extra virgin olive oil and tomato soup lycopene reduce LDL peroxidation leading to atherosclerosis and consequently elevated hypertension. Two tablespoons of extra virgin olive oil in tomato soup makes antioxidant lycopene more bioavailable. See Silas Hoffman (2013), Novel Support for Chronic Heart Failure, Arrhythmia and Coronary Artery Blockage, Life Extension Magazine, Feb 2013. Cardiovascular problems may be reduced by taking green coffee bean extract at 350 mg before meals to reduce consequent elevated glucose. See William Falloon (2013), Preparing Your Body to Eat, Life Extension Magazine, Feb 2013.
Taurine Reduces Mortality Due to Congestive Heart Failure [Taurine].
"Congestive heart failure responds favorably to taurine therapy." (Life Extension), [36s] (k), [8], [9]. In animal studies, taurine reduced mortality due to heart failure by 80% [Ian Macleavy, 2013, LEF]. Taurine is abundant in fish.
References
[1] William Faloon (2009),
How to Circumvent 17 Independent Heart Attack Risk Factors,
Life Extension Magazine May 2009. [Heart Attack, Papers, Patents, Books, LEF; Fats, Oils].
[2] William Faloon (2009),
No More Heart Attacks!, Life Extension Magazine May 2009. [Heart Attack].
[3] Wu T, Trevisan M, Genco RJ, et al (2000),
Examination of the relation between periodontal health status and cardiovascular risk factors: serum total and high density lipoprotein cholesterol, C-reactive protein, and plasma fibrinogen,
Am J Epidemiol 2000 Feb 1;151(3):273-82. [Cholestrol, C-reactive protein, Fats, Fibrinogen].
[4] Di Napoli M, Papa F, Bocola V (2001),
Prognostic influence of increased C-reactive protein and fibrinogen levels in ischemic stroke,
Stroke 2001 Jan;32(1):133-8. [C-Reactive Protein, Fibrinogen, Stroke].
[5] Andersen LF, Jacobs DR Jr, Carlsen MH, Blomhoff R (2006),
Consumption of coffee is associated with reduced risk of death attributed to inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases in the Iowa Women's Health Study,
Am J Clin Nutr 2006 May;83(5) 1039-46. [Coffee].
[6] Wu J, Ho SC, Zhou C, et al (2009),
Coffee consumption and risk of coronary heart diseases: a meta-analysis of 21 prospective cohort studies,
Int J Cardiol 2009 Nov 12; 137(3):216-25. [Coffee].
[7] Mukamal KJ, Hallqvist J, Hammar N, et al (2009),
Coffee consumption and mortality after acute myocardial infarction: the Stockholm Heart Epidemiology Program,
Am Heart J 2009 Mar;157(3):495-501. [Coffee].
[8] Beyranvand M, Khalafi M, Roshan V, Choobineh S, Parsa S, Piranfar M (2011),
Effect of taurine supplementation on exercise capacity of patients with heart failure,
J Cardiol 2011 May;57(3):333-7. [Taurine].
[9] Azuma J, Sawamura A, Awata N (1992),
Usefulness of taurine in chronic congestive heart failure and its prospective application,
Jpn Circ J 1992 Jan;56(1):95-9. [Taurine].
[10] Schaffer S, Jong CJ, Ramila K, Azuma J (2010),
Physiological roles of taurine in heart and muscle,
J Biomed Sci 2010;17 Suppl 1:S2. [Taurine].
[11] Averin E (2015),
Use of taurine during rehabilitation after cardiac surgery,
Adv Exp Med Biol 44. 2015;803:637-49. [Taurine].
[12] Schaffer SW, Ramila KC, Jong CJ, et al (2015),
Does taurine prolong life span by improving heart function?,
Adv Exp Med Biol 2015;803:555-70. [Taurine].
[13] Sagara M, Murakami S, Mizushima S, et al (2015),
Taurine in 24-h urine samples is inversely related to cardiovascular risks of middle aged subjects in 50 populations of the world, Adv Exp Med Biol 2015;803:623-36. [Taurine].
[14] Gao X, Zhang H, Schmidt AM, Zhang C (2008),
AGE/RAGE produces endothelial dysfunction in coronary arterioles in Type 2 diabetic mice,
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2008 Aug;295(2):H491-8. [AGEs, RAGE receptors, Endothelial Dysfuntion, Diabetes].
[15] Su J, Lucchesi PA, Gonzalez-Villalobos RA, et al (2008),
Role of advanced glycation end products with oxidative stress in resistance artery dysfunction in type 2 diabetic mice,
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2008 Aug;28(8):1432-8.
___[AGEs, RAGE receptors, Endothelial Dysfuntion, Oxidative Stress, Diabetes].
[16] Stirban A, Negrean M, Gotting C, et al (2008),
Dietary advanced glycation endproducts and oxidative stress: in vivo effects on endothelial function and adipokines,
Ann NY Acad Sci 2008 Apr;1126:276-9.
___[AGEs, RAGE receptors, Endothelial Dysfuntion, Oxidative Stress].
[17] Smit AJ, Hartog JW, Voors AA, van Veldhuisen DJ (2008),
Advanced glycation endproducts in chronic heart failure,
Ann NY Acad Sci 2008 Apr;1126:225-30. [AGEs, RAGE receptors, Endothelial Dysfuntion, Oxidative Stress].
[18] Ramasamy R, Yan SF, Herold K, Clynes R, Schmidt AM (2008),
Receptor for advanced glycation end products: fundamental roles in the inflammatory response: winding the way to the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis,
Ann NY Acad Sci 2008 Apr;1126:7-13.
___[AGEs, RAGE receptors, Endothelial Dysfuntion, Atherosclerosis].
[19] William Faloon (2015),
Live Longer By Changing How You Cook!,
Life Extension Magazine August 2015.
[20] Martins e Silva, Saldanha C (2007),
Diet, atherosclerosis and atherothrombotic events,
Rev Port Cardiol 2007 Mar;26(3):277-94.
[21] El Desoky ES, Derendorf H, Klotz U (2006),
Variability in response to cardiovascular drugs,
Curr Clin Pharmacol 2006 Jan;1(1):35-46.
[22] Franzese CJ, Bliden KP, Gesheff MG, et al (2015),
Relation of fish oil supplementation to markers of atherothrombotic risk in patients with cardiovascular disease not receiving lipid-lowering therapy, Am J Cardiol 2015 May 1;115(9):1204-11.
[23] Nestel P, Clifton P, Colquhoun D, et al (2015),
Indications for Omega-3 Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid in the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Heart Lung Circ 2015 Apr 3.
[24] Pase MP, Grima N, Cockerell R, et al (2015),
The effects of long-chain omega-3 fish oils and multivitamins on cognitive and cardiovascular function: a randomized, controlled clinical trial, J Am Coll Nutr 2015;34(1):21-31.
[25] Conley KE, Amara CE, Jubrias SA, Marcinek DJ (2007),
Mitochondrial function, fibre types and ageing: new insights from human muscle in vivo,
Exp Physiol 2007 Mar;92(2):333-9.
[26] Lesnefsky EJ, Moghaddas S, Tandler B, Kerner J, Hoppel CL (2001),
Mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiac disease: ischemia—reperfusion, aging, and heart failure,
J Mol Cell Cardiol 2001 Jun;33(6):1065-89.
[27] Conley KE, Marcinek DJ, Villarin J (2007),
Mitochondrial dysfunction and age,
Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2007 Nov;10(6):688-92.
[28] Hagen TM, Ingersoll RT, Lykkesfeldt J, et al (1999),
(R)-alpha-lipoic acid-supplemented old rats have improved mitochondrial function, decreased oxidative damage, and increased metabolic rate, FASEB J 1999 Feb;13(2):411-8.
[29] Shigenaga MK, Hagen TM, Ames BN (1994),
Oxidative damage and mitochondrial decay in aging,
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1994 Nov 8;91(23):10771-8.
[30] Di Lisa F, Kaludercic N, Carpi A, Menabo R, Giorgio M (2009),
Mitochondria and vascular pathology,
Pharmacol Rep 2009 Jan-Feb;61(1):123-30. [Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Mitochondrial Biogenesis]
[31] Rosenfeldt FL, Pepe S, Linnane A, et al (2002),
The effects of ageing on the response to cardiac surgery: protective strategies for the ageing myocardium,
Biogerontology 2002; 3(1-2):37-40.
[32] Langsjoen PH, Langsjoen AM (2008),
Supplemental ubiquinol in patients with advanced congestive heart failure,
Biofactors 2008;32(1-4):119-28.
[33] Belardinelli R, Mucaj A, Lacalaprice F, et al (2005),
Coenzyme Q10 improves contractility of dysfunctional myocardium in chronic heart failure,
Biofactors 2005;25(1-4):137-45.
[34] McMackin CJ, Widlansky ME, Hamburg NM, et al (2007),
Effect of combined treatment with alpha-Lipoic acid and acetyl-L-carnitine on vascular function and blood pressure in patients with coronary artery disease,
J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2007 Apr;9(4):249-55.
[35] Filiberto Zadini, Giorgio Zadini, Original Assignee: Atheranova Operations, Inc. (2013),
Dissolution of arterial plaque US 20130029946 A1,
___[Papers, Patents, Books, LEF].
___ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) [Papers, Patents, Books, LEF].
___Serious adverse consequences can result from a x2 overdose. Sensitive stuff.
___Can dissolve gallstones and atherosclerotic plaque. Natually occurring. See Ursodiol.
___RELATED: LEF search on arterial plaque dissolution produces:
___Serrapeptase 10 mg 90 capsules: Solaray, Item# 28548.(0) Retail Price: $24.99.
_____Serrapeptase [Papers, Patents, Books, LEF]. Silkworm's coccoon dissolving enzyme.
_______Serrapeptase for arterial plaque dissolution [Papers, Patents, Books, LEF].
_______Serrapeptase: The natural anti-inflammatory, Life Extension Magazine, September 2003.
[36] Nadia Mason (2014),
Focus on Serrapeptase [Online],
Discover Nutrition November 1, 2014.
" Because of its ability to dissolve fibrin, serrapeptase has also been used to dissolve arterial plaque, fibrous blockages in clogged or hardened arteries. As serrapeptase only dissolves dead or damaged tissue, this could enable the dissolution of harmful atherosclerotic plaques without causing any harm to the inside of the arteries. Studies of serrapeptase supplementation have found positive benefits with a dosage of around 10mg, taken after meals three times daily. No long-term studies of this supplement have yet been conducted, although studies to date suggest that supplementation for a period of 4 weeks seems safe (1,2)."
|
___Serrapeptase 10 mg 90 capsules: Solaray, Item# 28548.(0) Retail Price: $24.99.
_____Serrapeptase [Papers, Patents, Books, LEF]. Silkworm's coccoon dissolving enzyme.
_______Serrapeptase for arterial plaque dissolution [Papers, Patents, Books, LEF].
_______Serrapeptase: The natural anti-inflammatory, Life Extension Magazine, September 2003.
[37] Dr. H A Nieper - Germany (),
Silk Worm Enzymes For Carotid Artery Blockage [OnLine].
"Serapeptase is a stronger saseinolytic (fibrinolytic) agent than any other known alkaline or neutral protease such as bromelain or pronase."
___See Serapeptase as a fibrinolytic agent [Papers, Patents, Books, LEF].
___Bromelain as a fibrinolytic agent [Papers, Patents, Books, LEF; Index/Bromelain].
___Pronase as a fibrinolytic agent [Papers, Patents, Books, LEF].
[38] George E. Felton (1980),
Fibrinolytic and antithrombotic action of bromelain may eliminate thrombosis in heart patients [Online],
Medical Hypotheses Volume 6, Issue 11, November 1980, Pages 1123-1133.
"Bromelain plasminogen activator will produce plasmin in rat experiments... Since bromelain therapy leads to formation of platelets with increased resistance to aggregation, it is obvious that the dominant endogenous prostaglandins being produced must be from the group that increases platelet cyclic AMP levels (prostacyclin, PGE1, etc.). The combination of fibrinolytic and antithrombic properties appear to be effective and two large scale tests on heart patients have shown a practically complete elimination of thrombosis."
|
[39] Pierro Francesco Di (2014),
Fibrinolytic compositions comprising bromelain and nattokinase for the prevention and treatment of phlebothrombotic states, WO 2014079689 A1, May 30, 2014.
[40] William Faloon (2015),
Surprising Factor Behind Sudden Cardiac Arrest,
Life Extension Magazine June 2015. [Testosterone, Magnesium].
[60] Koro CE, Bowlin SJ, Stump TE, Sprecher DL, Tierney WM (2006),
The independent correlation between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and subsequent major adverse coronary events,
Am Heart J 2006 Mar;151(3):755-755.
[61] Miller M, Seidler A, Kwiterovich PO, Pearson TA (1992),
Long-term predictors of subsequent cardiovascular events with coronary artery disease and desirable levels of plasma total cholesterol, Circulation 1992 Oct;86(4):1165-7.
[62] William Faloon (2017),
Greatest Threat to Longevity,
Life Extension Magazine January 2017. [Thrombosis, Thrombolytic Drugs].
[Arterial thrombosis (Typical disorders: Heart Attack, Ischemic Stroke);
Venous thrombosis (Typical Disorders: Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT), Pulmonary Embolism)].
[63] Rosenschein U (2000),
Introduction. Intracoronary thrombosis is the largest single cause of morbidity and mortality in the Western World,
Semin Interv Cardiol 2000;5(3):107.
[64] Michael Downey (2017),
Arterial Plaque Rupture,
Life Extension Magazine May 2017.
___Gotu Kola improves the stability of soft atherosclerotic plaque
___by improving the expression of collagen.
___French maritime pine bark extract (150 mg) plus Gotu Kola (225 mg) improves soft plaque stability best.
[65] Luzzi R, Belcaro G, Ippolito E (2016),
Carotid plaque stabilization induced by the supplement association Pycnogenol(R) and centella asiatica (Centellicum(R)),
Minerva Cardioangiol 2016;64(6):603-9. [Pycnogenol, Pine Bark Extract, Gotu Kola].
[66] Kolodgie FD, Burke AP, Farb A, et al. (2001),
The thin-cap fibroatheroma: a type of vulnerable plaque: the major precursor lesion to acute coronary syndromes,
Curr Opin Cardiol 2001;16(5):285-92.
[67] Cheruvu PK, Finn AV, Gardner C, et al. (2007),
Frequency and distribution of thin-cap fibroatheroma and ruptured plaques in human coronary arteries: a pathologic study,
J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;50(10):940-9.
[68] William Faloon (2017),
Should You Eat Before a Blood Test?,
Life Extension Magazine May 2017.
"Postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (such as VLDL cholesterol)" instigate "coronary plaque, carotid plaque, and aneurysms of the aorta."
[69] Cavalot F, Petrelli A, Traversa M, et al. (2006),
Postprandial blood glucose is a stronger predictor of cardiovascular events than fasting blood glucose in type 2 diabetes mellitus, particularly in women: lessons from the San Luigi Gonzaga Diabetes Study,
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006;91(3):813-9.
[70] Haim M, Tanne D, Goldbourt U, et al. (2007),
Serum homocysteine and long-term risk of myocardial infarction and sudden death in patients with coronary heart disease,
Cardiology 2007;107(1):52-6. [Homocysteine].
[71] Stampfer MJ, Malinow MR, Willett WC, et al. (1992),
A prospective study of plasma homocyst(e)ine and 65. risk of myocardial infarction in US physicians,
Jama 1992;268(7):877-81. [Homocysteine].
[72] Osika W, Dangardt F, Gronros J, et al. (2007),
Increasing peripheral artery intima thickness from childhood to seniority,
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2007;27(3):671-6.
[73] Libby P, Theroux P (2005),
Pathophysiology of coronary artery disease,
Circulation 2005;7. 111(25):3481-8.
[74] Bentzon JF, Otsuka F, Virmani R, et al. (2014),
Mechanisms of plaque formation and rupture,
Circ Res 2014;114(12):1852-66.
[75] William Faloon (2002),
Dying From Neglect [OnLine],
Life Extension Magazine March 2002. [Encyclopedia, Anemia (Papers, Patents, Books, LEF)].
__"24% to 40% of hospitalized patients over age 65 are anemic [15]". __"...Blood deficient individuals have high mortality rates from diseases __such as heart failure, stroke and cancer." __"In (heart attack) patients with very low hematocrit (below 24%), __transfusion was associated with a 64% reduction in mortality. " __"Aging itself predisposes people to anemia." __"Stroke was the most common disease associated with anemia." __"The increased risk of mortality in cancer patients who were anemic was an astounding 65%!" __"Anemia sharply increases the risk that a heart attack victim will die within 30 days." Note that aplastic anemia often proceeds from an STD viral infection such as CMV, or other infections such as a candida yeast infection, all of them treatable with garlic. |
[76] Lishmanov I, Maslova LV, Maslov LN, Dan’shina EN (1993),
The anti-arrhythmia effect of Rhodiola rosea and its possible mechanism,
Biull Eksp Biol Med 1993 Aug;116(8):175-6. [Rhodiola Rosea, Anti-Arrhythmia Nutraceuticals].
[77] Eisenberg MS (2005),
History of the Science of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation,
In: Ornato JP, Peberdy MA, eds. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Totowa, NJ: Humana Press; 2005:1-9.
[78] Stampfer MJ, Malinow MR, Willett WC, et al. (1992),
A prospective study of plasma homocyst(e)ine and risk of myocardial infarction in US physicians,
Jama 1992;268(7):877-81. [Homocysteine].
[79] Nygard O, Nordrehaug JE, Refsum H, et al. (1997),
Plasma homocysteine levels and mortality in patients with coronary artery disease,
N Engl J Med 1997;337(4):230-6.
[80] Yeh JK, Chen CC, Hsieh MJ, et al. (2016),
Impact of Homocysteine Level on Long-term Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients after Coronary Artery Stenting,
J Atheroscler Thromb 2016.
[81] Benn M, Nordestgaard BG, Jensen GB, et al. (2007),
Improving prediction of ischemic cardiovascular disease in the general population using apolipoprotein B: the Copenhagen City Heart Study,
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2007;27(3):661-70.
___Apolipoprotein B [Images, Papers, Patents, Books; Measuring Apolipoprotein B (Patents, Books)].
___Apolipoprotein B is a measure of all the cholesterol that is not HDL cholesterol.
[82] Lamarche B, Tchernof A, Moorjani S, et al. (1997),
Small, dense low-density lipoprotein particles as a predictor of the risk of ischemic heart disease in men. Prospective results from the Quebec Cardiovascular Study,
Circulation 1997;95(1):69-75.
[82] Wilkins JT, Li RC, Sniderman A, et al. (2016),
Discordance Between Apolipoprotein B and LDL-Cholesterol in Young Adults Predicts Coronary Artery Calcification: The CARDIA Study,
J Am Coll Cardiol 2016;67(2):193-201. [Vascular Calcification].
[83] Puri R, Nissen SE, Somaratne R, et al. (2014),
Impact of PCSK9 inhibition on coronary atheroma progression: Rationale and design of Global Assessment of Plaque Regression with a PCSK9 Antibody as Measured by Intravascular Ultrasound (GLAGOV),
Am Heart J 2016;176:83-92.
[84] Gouni-Berthold I, Berthold HK (2014),
PCSK9 antibodies for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia,
Nutrients 2014;6(12):5517-33.
[85] de Koning L, Malik VS, Kellogg MD, et al. (2012),
Sweetened beverage consumption, incident coronary heart disease, and biomarkers of risk in men,
Circulation 2012;125(14):1735-41, s1.
[86] Laakso M, Kuusisto J (2014),
Insulin resistance and hyperglycaemia in cardiovascular disease development,
Nat Rev Endocrinol 2014;10(5):293-302.
[87] Despres JP, Lamarche B, Mauriege P, et al. (1996),
Hyperinsulinemia as an independent risk factor for ischemic heart disease,
N Engl J Med 1996;334(15):952-7.
[88] Gerstein HC, Pais P, Pogue J, et al. (1999),
Relationship of glucose and insulin levels to the risk of myocardial infarction: a case-control study,
J Am Coll Cardiol 1999;33(3):612-9.
[89] Hosszúfalusi N, Pánczél P, Jánoskuti L (1999),
Hyperinsulinemia Predicts Coronary Heart Disease Risk in Healthy Middle-Aged Men,
Circulation 1999;100(24):e118-e.
[90] Nadia Mason (2014),
Focus on Serrapeptase [Online],
Discover Nutrition November 1, 2014.
" Because of its ability to dissolve fibrin, serrapeptase has also been used to dissolve arterial plaque, fibrous blockages in clogged or hardened arteries. As serrapeptase only dissolves dead or damaged tissue, this could enable the dissolution of harmful atherosclerotic plaques without causing any harm to the inside of the arteries. Studies of serrapeptase supplementation have found positive benefits with a dosage of around 10mg, taken after meals three times daily. No long-term studies of this supplement have yet been conducted, although studies to date suggest that supplementation for a period of 4 weeks seems safe (1,2)."
|
___Serrapeptase 10 mg 90 capsules: Solaray, Item# 28548.(0) Retail Price: $24.99.
_____Serrapeptase [Papers, Patents, Books, LEF]. Silkworm's coccoon dissolving enzyme.
_______Serrapeptase for arterial plaque dissolution [Papers, Patents, Books, LEF].
_______Serrapeptase: The natural anti-inflammatory, Life Extension Magazine, September 2003.
[91] Dr. H A Nieper - Germany (),
Silk Worm Enzymes For Carotid Artery Blockage [OnLine].
"Serapeptase is a stronger saseinolytic (fibrinolytic) agent than any other known alkaline or neutral protease such as bromelain or pronase."
___See Serapeptase as a fibrinolytic agent [Papers, Patents, Books, LEF].
___Bromelain as a fibrinolytic agent [Papers, Patents, Books, LEF; Index/Bromelain].
___Pronase as a fibrinolytic agent [Papers, Patents, Books, LEF].
[92] Serrapeptase: The natural anti-inflammatory, Life Extension Magazine, September 2003.
Serrapeptase [Fibrolytic Proteases; Links/Serrapeptase, Papers, Patents, Books, LEF; Atherosclerosis].
Atherosclerosis
[Wikipedia, Links/Atherosclerosis, Images, Video, Papers, Patents, Books, LifeExtension, LibCong; [1], [2];
Links/Foods most likely to produce atherosclerosis, Images, Video, Papers, Patents, Books;
Wikipedia/Atherogenesis, Links, Images, Video, Papers, Patents, Books;
Links/Atherogenic Lipoproteins, Images, Video, Papers, Patents, Books, LifeExtension;
The apolipoprotein B (apo B) blood test [Patents, Books, LEF] [310];
The LDL-P test [Patents, Books, LEF] [310];
Links/Endothelial dysfunction, Images, Video, Papers, Patents, Books, LifeExtension;
The History of Atherosclerosis and Its Treatment, Papers, Patents, Books;
Arginine, Arjuna, Atherosclerotic Plaque; Arteriosclerosis; Blood Tests; Cardiology; Cardiovascular Disease; Cholesterol, CoQ10 and atheroslerosis, CoQ10, Dementia, Endothelial Cells, Endothelial Dysfunction, Endothelial Senescence, Fats, Fibrolytic Proteases, Hawthorn, Heart Attack; Homocysteine, LDL peroxidation, Lipoprotein phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), Lycopene, Macular Degeneration; Nitric Oxide; Oxidative Stress, Serrapeptase, Stroke, Testosterone, Ubiquinol, Vascular Calcification, Vitamin K2].
"Atherosclerosis, an inflammatory process in arterial walls, can lead to formation of plaques, whose rupture can lead to thrombus formation, obstruction of vessels (thrombosis), reduction of the blood flow (ischemia), cell death in the tissue fed by the occluded vessel, and depending on the affected vessel, to myocardial infarction or stroke." [3], More…
[97] Roger Alvarez (2016),
Slow the Progression of Atherosclerotic Plaque,
Life Extension Magazine February 2016.
[98] Thompson, Randall C et al.
Atherosclerosis across 4000 years of human history: the Horus study of four ancient populations,
The Lancet, Vol 381, Issue 9873, 1211 - 1222.
__[The History of Atherosclerosis and Its Treatment, Papers, Patents, Books].
[99] Leskinen MJ, Kovanen PT, Lindstedt KA (2003),
Regulation of smooth muscle cell growth, function and death in vitro by activated mast cells — a potential mechanism for the weakening and rupture of atherosclerotic plaques,
Biochem Pharmacol 2003;66(8):1493-8.
___[Activated Mast Cells, Activated Mast Cells in Atherosclerosis].
[100] Cheruvu PK, Finn AV, Gardner C, et al (2007),
Frequency and distribution of thin-cap fibroatheroma and ruptured plaques in human coronary arteries: a pathologic study,
J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;50(10):940-9.
___[Thin-cap Fibroatheroma, Thin-cap Fibroatheroma and Ruptured Plaques].
[101] James JT, Dubery IA (2009),
Pentacyclic triterpenoids from the medicinal herb, Centella asiatica (L.) Urban,
Molecules 2009;14(10):3922-41.
___[Medicinal triterpenoids from Centalla Asiatica].
[102] Incandela L, Cesarone MR, Cacchio M, et al (2001),
Total triterpenic fraction of Centella asiatica in chronic venous insufficiency and in high-perfusion microangiopathy,
Angiology 2001;52 Suppl 2:S9-13.
___[Centella Asiatica, Centalla Asiastica Supplements, Centella Asiatic and Treatment of Venous Insufficiency].
[103] Ivanov V, Ivanova S, Kalinovsky T, et al (2008),
Plant-derived micronutrients suppress monocyte adhesion to cultured human aortic endothelial cell layer by modulating its extracellular matrix composition,
J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2008;52(1):55-65.
____[Nutraceuticals suppressing monocyte adhesion to arterial walls, Papers, Patents, Books, LEF].
[104] Incandela L, Belcaro G, Nicolaides AN, et al (2001),
Modification of the echogenicity of femoral plaques after treatment with total triterpenic fraction of Centella asiatica: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial,
Angiology 2001;52 Suppl 2:S69-73.
[105] Cesarone MR, Belcaro G, Nicolaides AN, et al (2001),
Increase in echogenicity of echolucent carotid plaques after treatment with total triterpenic fraction of Centella asiatica: a prospective, placebo-controlled, randomized trial,
Angiology 2001;52 Suppl 2:S19-25.
[106] Belcaro G, Maquart FX, Scoccianti M, et al (2011),
TECA (Titrated Extract of Centella Asiatica): new microcirculatory, biomolecular, and vascular application in preventive and clinical medicine. A status paper,
Panminerva Med 2011;53(3 Suppl 1):105-18.
[107] D’Andrea G (2010),
Pycnogenol: a blend of procyanidins with multifaceted therapeutic applications?,
Fitoterapia 2010;81(7):724-36.
[108] Rohdewald P (2002),
A review of the French maritime pine bark extract (Pycnogenol), a herbal medication with a diverse clinical pharmacology,
Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2002;40(4):158-68.
[109] Belcaro G, Dugall M, Hosoi M, et al (2014),
Pycnogenol and Centella Asiatica for asymptomatic atherosclerosis progression,
Int Angiol 2014;33(1):20-6.
[110] Luo H, Wang J, Qiao C, et al (2015),
Pycnogenol attenuates atherosclerosis by regulating lipid maetabolism through the TLR4-NF-kappaB pathway,
Exp Mol Med 2015;47:e191.
[111] Gu JQ, Ikuyama S, Wei P, et al (2008),
Pycnogenol, an extract from French maritime pine, suppresses Toll-like receptor 4-mediated expression of adipose differentiation-related protein in macrophages,
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2008;295(6):E1390-400.
[112] Chistiakov DA, Revin VV, Sobenin IA, et al (2015),
Vascular endothelium: functioning in norm, changes in atherosclerosis and current dietary approaches to improve endothelial function,
Mini Rev Med Chem 2015;15(4):338-50.
[113] Fitzpatrick DF, Bing B, Rohdewald P (1998),
Endothelium-dependent vascular effects of Pycnogenol,
J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1998;32(4):509-15.
[114] Enseleit F, Sudano I, Periat D, et al (2012),
Effects of Pycnogenol on endothelial function in patients with stable coronary artery disease: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over study,
Eur Heart J 2012;33(13):1589-97.
[115] Hu S, Belcaro G, Cornelli U, et al (2015),
Effects of Pycnogenol on endothelial dysfunction in borderline hypertensive, hyperlipidemic, and hyperglycemic individuals: the borderline study,
Int Angiol 2015;34(1):43-52.
[116] Bentzon JF, Otsuka F, Virmani R, et al (2014),
Mechanisms of plaque formation and rupture,
Circ Res 2014;114(12):1852-66.
[117] Sakakura K, Nakano M, Otsuka F, et al (2013),
Pathophysiology of atherosclerosis plaque progression,
Heart Lung Circ 2013;22(6):399-411.
[118] Belcaro G, Dugall M, Ippolito E, et al (2015),
Pycnogenol and Centella Asiatica for preventing asymptomatic atherosclerosis progression into clinical events,
Minerva Cardioangiol 2015 Oct 27.
[119] Belcaro G, Ippolito E, Dugall M, et al (2015),
Pycnogenol and Centella asiatica in the management of asymptomatic atherosclerosis progression,
Int Angiol 2015;34(2):150-7.
[120] Lorenz MW, Markus HS, Bots ML, et al (2007),
Prediction of clinical cardiovascular events with carotid intima-media thickness: a systematic review and meta-analysis,
Circulation 2007;115(4):459-67.
[121] Scott Fogle, ND (2016),
The Most Important Blood Tests Available for Assessing Cardiovascular Risk,
Life Extension Magazine May 2016, Ask the Doctor.
Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation [Links, Images, Papers, Patents, Books, LifeExtension]; Blood Tests [Links, Images, Papers, Patents, Books, LifeExtension]; Blood Tests for Cardiovascular Risk Assessment [Links, Images, Papers, Patents, Books, LifeExtension]; Nutraceuticals for LDL particle size control [Links, Images, Papers, Patents, Books, LifeExtension]; Techniques for LDL particle size control [Links, Images, Papers, Patents, Books, LifeExtension]; It is useful to know the number of LDL particles circulating in the blood [Links, Images, Papers, Patents, Books, LifeExtension]. A higher amount of smaller LDL particles is much more dangerous than a smaller amount of larger LDL particles. See small dense LDL versus large buoyant LDL [Links, Images, Papers, Patents, Books, LifeExtension]. Small dense LDL cholesterol more easily penetrates the blood vessel wall and starts the process of plaque formation. We have new blood testing technology for both particle count and the size of LDL particles [Links, Images, Papers, Patents, Books, LifeExtension]. "The best result you can get is a low particle count combined with large buoyant LDL. The worst result is a high particle count with small dense LDL, which is a very bad combination." The NMR LipoProfile Test [Links, Images, Papers, Patents, Books, LifeExtension] produces this information using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for LDL testing [Links, Images, Papers, Patents, Books, LifeExtension] to directly measure particle count and size. "You want a low LDL-P (low LDL particle count), low small LDL-P (low small LDL particle count), and low LP-IR Score (low insulin resistance score) combined with a high HDL-P (high HDL particle count) and large LDL size for the lowest cardiovascular risk." Other kinds of blood testing are desirable, including: __Oxidized LDL testing [Links, Images, Papers, Patents, Books, LifeExtension]. __F2-Isoprostanes urine testing [Links, Images, Papers, Patents, Books, LifeExtension]. __MPO (myeloperoxidase) testing [Links, Images, Papers, Patents, Books, LifeExtension]. __MTHFR (methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase) gene testing [Links, Images, Papers, Patents, Books, LifeExtension]. ____Deals with methylation, folate metabolism, and homocysteine levels. __COMT (catechol-O-methyltransferase) testing [Links, Images, Papers, Patents, Books, LifeExtension]. ____Looks at how specific neurotransmitters are metabolized [Links, Images, Papers, Patents, Books]. __Arachidonic_Acid/EPA ratio test [Links, Images, Papers, Patents, Books, LifeExtension]. ___When the Arachidonic_Acid/EPA ratio is higher, there is preferred incorporation of AA into membranes over EPA, ___producing a pro-inflammatory environment. The optimal ratio of AA: EPA is around 1.7. |
[122] Filiberto Zadini, Giorgio Zadini, Original Assignee: Atheranova Operations, Inc. (2013),
Dissolution of arterial plaque US 20130029946 A1,
___[Papers, Patents, Books, LEF].
___ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) [Papers, Patents, Books, LEF].
___Serious adverse consequences can result from a x2 overdose. Sensitive stuff.
___Can dissolve gallstones and atherosclerotic plaque. Natually occurring. See Ursodiol.
___RELATED: LEF search on arterial plaque dissolution produces:
___Serrapeptase 10 mg 90 capsules: Solaray, Item# 28548.(0) Retail Price: $24.99.
_____Serrapeptase [Papers, Patents, Books, LEF]. Silkworm's coccoon dissolving enzyme.
_______Serrapeptase for arterial plaque dissolution [Papers, Patents, Books, LEF].
_______Serrapeptase: The natural anti-inflammatory, Life Extension Magazine, September 2003.
[123] Nadia Mason (2014),
Focus on Serrapeptase [Online],
Discover Nutrition November 1, 2014.
" Because of its ability to dissolve fibrin, serrapeptase has also been used to dissolve arterial plaque, fibrous blockages in clogged or hardened arteries. As serrapeptase only dissolves dead or damaged tissue, this could enable the dissolution of harmful atherosclerotic plaques without causing any harm to the inside of the arteries. Studies of serrapeptase supplementation have found positive benefits with a dosage of around 10mg, taken after meals three times daily. No long-term studies of this supplement have yet been conducted, although studies to date suggest that supplementation for a period of 4 weeks seems safe (1,2)."
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___Serrapeptase 10 mg 90 capsules: Solaray, Item# 28548.(0) Retail Price: $24.99.
_____Serrapeptase [Papers, Patents, Books, LEF]. Silkworm's coccoon dissolving enzyme.
_______Serrapeptase for arterial plaque dissolution [Papers, Patents, Books, LEF].
_______Serrapeptase: The natural anti-inflammatory, Life Extension Magazine, September 2003.
[124] Dr. H A Nieper - Germany (),
Silk Worm Enzymes For Carotid Artery Blockage [OnLine].
"Serapeptase is a stronger saseinolytic (fibrinolytic) agent than any other known alkaline or neutral protease such as bromelain or pronase."
___See Serapeptase as a fibrinolytic agent [Papers, Patents, Books, LEF].
___Bromelain as a fibrinolytic agent [Papers, Patents, Books, LEF; Index/Bromelain].
___Pronase as a fibrinolytic agent [Papers, Patents, Books, LEF].
[125] George E. Felton (1980),
Fibrinolytic and antithrombotic action of bromelain may eliminate thrombosis in heart patients [Online],
Medical Hypotheses Volume 6, Issue 11, November 1980, Pages 1123-1133.
"Bromelain plasminogen activator will produce plasmin in rat experiments... Since bromelain therapy leads to formation of platelets with increased resistance to aggregation, it is obvious that the dominant endogenous prostaglandins being produced must be from the group that increases platelet cyclic AMP levels (prostacyclin, PGE1, etc.). The combination of fibrinolytic and antithrombic properties appear to be effective and two large scale tests on heart patients have shown a practically complete elimination of thrombosis."
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[126] Pierro Francesco Di (2014),
Fibrinolytic compositions comprising bromelain and nattokinase for the prevention and treatment of phlebothrombotic states, WO 2014079689 A1, May 30, 2014.
[127] William Faloon (2015),
Live Longer By Changing How You Cook!,
Life Extension Magazine August 2015. [AGEs, Carcinogens].
[128] Hansson GK, Robertson AK, Soderberg-Naucler C (2006),
Inflammation and atherosclerosis,
Annu Rev Pathol 2006;1:297-329. [Inflammation].
[129] Libby P, Ridker PM, Maseri A (2002),
Inflammation and Atherosclerosis,
Circulation 2002;105(9):1135-43. [Inflammation].
[129] Covas MI, Nyyssonen K, Poulsen HE, et al. (2006),
The effect of polyphenols in olive oil on heart disease risk factors: a randomized trial,
Ann Intern Med 2006;145(5):333-41.
[130] Covas MI (2007),
Olive oil and the cardiovascular system,
Pharmacol Res 34. 2007;55(3):175-86.
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Fruit, vegetables, and olive oil and risk of coronary heart disease in Italian women: the EPICOR Study,
Am J Clin Nutr 2011;93(2):275-83.
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Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with a Mediterranean diet,
N Engl J Med 2013;368(14):1279-90.
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Exclusive olive oil consumption has a protective effect on coronary artery disease; overview of the THISEAS study,
Public Health Nutr 2016;19(6):1081-7.
[134] Qureshi AA, Sami SA, Salser WA, et al. (2002),
Dose-dependent suppression of serum cholesterol by tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF25) of rice bran in hypercholesterolemic humans,
Atherosclerosis 2002;161(1):199-207. [Tocotrienols].
[135] Tan DT, Khor H, Low W, et al. (1991),
Effect of a palm-oil-vitamin E concentrate on the serum and lipoprotein lipids in humans,
The American journal of clinical nutrition 1991;53(4):1027S-30S. [Tocotrienols].
[136] Baliarsingh S, Beg ZH, Ahmad J (-),
The therapeutic impacts of tocotrienols in type 2 diabetic patients with hyperlipidemia,
Atherosclerosis 182(2):367-74.
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Response of hypercholesterolemic subjects to administration of tocotrienols,
Lipids 1995;30(12):1171-7.
[138] Mendelsohn Andrew R. and Larrick James W. (2015),
Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor ? Co-Activator-1a Cooperate to Protect Cells from DNA Damage and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Vascular Senescence [Abstract PDF],
Rejuvenation Research October 2015, 18(5): 479-483.
"Alpha lipoic acid (ALA) stimulated expression of PGC-1a and TERT and reversed DNA damage, vascular senescence, and atherosclerosis, similarly to ectopic expression of PGC-1a. ALA stimulated cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling, which in turn activated the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), a co-factor for PGC-1a expression. The possibility that ALA might induce TERT to extend telomeres in human cells suggests that ALA may be useful in treating atherosclerosis and other aging-related diseases."
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[139] Singh RB, Mengi SA, Xu YJ, Arneja AS, Dhalla NS (2002),
Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: A multifactorial process,
Exp Clin Cardiol 2002 Spring;7(1):40-53.
[140] William Faloon (2007),
A Lethal Misconception of Epidemic Proportion,
Life Extension Magazine May 2007. William Faloon on homocysteine and heart disease.
[285] Dwyer JH, Paul-Labrador MJ, Fan J, Shircore AM, Merz CN, Dwyer KM (2004),
Progression of carotid intima-media thickness and plasma antioxidants: the Los Angeles Atherosclerosis Study,
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2004 Feb;24(2):313-9.
Lutein and zeaxanthin inhibit the development of carotid intima-media thickness, thus signaling inhibition of atherosclerosis.
[286] Baynes JW, Thorpe SR (2000),
Glycoxidation and lipoxidation in atherogenesis,
Free Radic Biol Med 2000;19. 28(12):1708-16. [Atherogenesis, Glycoxidation, Lipoxidation].
[287] Rashid I, van Reyk DM, Davies MJ (2007),
Carnosine and its constituents inhibit glycation of low-density lipoproteins that promotes foam cell formation in vitro,
FEBS Lett 2007;581(5):1067-70. [Foam Cell Formation in Atherosclerosis, Carnosine].
[288] Brown BE, Kim CH, Torpy FR, et al. (2014),
Supplementation with carnosine decreases plasma triglycerides and modulates atherosclerotic plaque composition in diabetic apo E(-/-) mice,
Atherosclerosis 2014;232(2):403-9. [Carnosine, Diabetes].
[289] Zhang L, Zhou G, Song W, et al. (2012),
Pterostilbene protects vascular endothelial cells against oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced apoptosis in vitro and in vivo,
Apoptosis 2012;17(1):25-36.
[290] Michael Downey (2017),
Arterial Plaque Rupture,
Life Extension Magazine May 2017.
___Gotu Kola improves the stability of soft atherosclerotic plaque
___by improving the expression of collagen.
___French maritime pine bark extract (150 mg) plus Gotu Kola (225 mg) improves soft plaque stability best.
[291] Luzzi R, Belcaro G, Ippolito E (2016),
Carotid plaque stabilization induced by the supplement association Pycnogenol(R) and centella asiatica (Centellicum(R)),
Minerva Cardioangiol 2016;64(6):603-9. [Pycnogenol, Pine Bark Extract, Gotu Kola].
[292] Cheruvu PK, Finn AV, Gardner C, et al. (2007),
Frequency and distribution of thin-cap fibroatheroma and ruptured plaques in human coronary arteries: a pathologic study,
J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;50(10):940-9.
[293] Miyazawa T, Nakagawa K, Shimasaki S, et al. (2012),
Lipid glycation and protein glycation in diabetes and atherosclerosis,
Amino Acids 2012;42(4):1163-70.
[294] Saffi MA, Furtado MV, Polanczyk CA, et al. (2015),
Relationship between vascular endothelium and periodontal disease in atherosclerotic lesions: Review article,
World J Cardiol 2015;7(1):26-30.
[295] Osika W, Dangardt F, Gronros J, et al. (2007),
Increasing peripheral artery intima thickness from childhood to seniority,
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2007;27(3):671-6.
[296] Kolodgie FD, Burke AP, Farb A, et al. (2001),
The thin-cap fibroatheroma: a type of vulnerable plaque: the major precursor lesion to acute coronary syndromes,
Curr Opin Cardiol 2001;16(5):285-92.
[297] Glycation and glycoxidation of low-density lipoproteins by glucose. (fill out).
[298] Paul M Ridker, M.D., Brendan M. Everett, M.D., Tom Thuren, M.D. et. al. (2017),
Antiinflammatory Therapy with Canakinumab for Atherosclerotic Disease,
The New England Journal of Medicine, August 27, 2017, DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1707914. [Canakinumab].
[299] Navab M, Ananthramaiah GM, Reddy ST, et al. (2004),
The oxidation hypothesis of atherogenesis: the role of oxidized phospholipids and HDL,
J Lipid Res 2004;45(6):993-1007.
[300] Wang JC, Bennett M (2012),
Aging and atherosclerosis: mechanisms, functional consequences, and potential therapeutics for cellular senescence,
Circ Res 2012;111(2):245-59.
[301] Kearns CE, Schmidt LA, Glantz SA (2016),
Sugar Industry and Coronary Heart Disease Research: A Historical Analysis of Internal Industry Documents,
JAMA Intern Med 2016;176(11):1680-5.
[302] McGandy RB, Hegsted DM, Stare FJ (1967),
Dietary fats, carbohydrates and atherosclerotic vascular disease,
N Engl J Med 1967;277(4):186-92 contd.
[303] McGandy RB, Hegsted DM, Stare FJ (1967),
Dietary fats, carbohydrates and atherosclerotic vascular disease,
N Engl J Med 1967;277(5):245-7 concl.
[304] Danaei G, Lawes CM, Vander Hoorn S, et al. Global and regional mortality from ischaemic heart disease and stroke attributable to higher-than-optimum blood glucose concentration: comparative risk assessment,
Lancet 2006;368(9548):1651-9.
[305] Hamerman D (2005),
Osteoporosis and atherosclerosis: biological linkages and the emergence of dual-purpose therapies,
Qjm 2005;98(7):467-84.
[306] Toma I, McCaffrey TA (2012),
Transforming growth factor-beta and atherosclerosis: interwoven atherogenic and atheroprotective aspects,
Cell Tissue Res 2012;347(1):155-75.
[307] Hamerman D (2005),
Osteoporosis and atherosclerosis: biological linkages and the emergence of dual-purpose therapies,
Qjm 2005;98(7):467-84.
[308] Toma I, McCaffrey TA (2012),
Transforming growth factor-beta and atherosclerosis: interwoven atherogenic and atheroprotective aspects,
Cell Tissue Res 2012;347(1):155-75.
[309] William Faloon (2009),
The Cholesterol Controversy, Life Extension Magazine, Feb 2009.
"Perhaps no other nutrient has demonstrated better anti-LDL oxidation effects than pomegranate. In a clinical study, human subjects taking pomegranate showed a beneficial 35% reduction in carotid intima-media thickness accompanied by a 45% improvement in carotid blood flow. As evidenced by the chart above, pomegranate improved markers related to LDL oxidation by up to 130%!" [6]. [LDL peroxidation, Pomegranate].
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[310] Michael Ozner, MD (2018),
Life Extension Magazine (Interview: Ask The Doctor) February 2018.
Links/Atherogenic Lipoproteins, Images, Video, Papers, Patents, Books, LifeExtension; The apolipoprotein B (apo B) blood test [Patents, Books, LEF] measures the number of potentially dangerous particles that can lead to atherosclerois [Patents, Books, LEF]. A second test, the LDL-P test [Patents, Books, LEF], can also be used since it measures the total number of LDL particles [Patents, Books, LEF]. |